What Your Earwax Says About Your Health

Earwax might not be a popular topic of conversation, but it plays an essential role in keeping your ears healthy. This waxy substance protects the ear canal from infections, debris, and dryness. However, changes in the color, consistency, or amount of earwax can sometimes signal underlying health conditions. Here’s what your earwax may be telling you and when to seek medical attention.

What Normal Earwax Looks Like

For most people, earwax ranges in color from white to yellow or orange, with a smooth, oily texture. This variation is typically due to genetics and doesn’t indicate any health concerns. Some people naturally produce more wax than others, while others may hardly produce any at all. However, a sudden change in your earwax especially if you previously had little to none could be a sign of changes in your ear canal or overall health.

Yellow, Milky Discharge Could Indicate Infection

If your earwax takes on a yellow, milky appearance and is accompanied by discomfort, pain, or a foul odor, it may be a sign of an infection. The ear canal is a warm, moist environment, making it an ideal place for bacteria and fungi to thrive.

To help prevent infections:

• Avoid getting water trapped in your ears by using swimming earplugs.

• Dry your ears thoroughly with a towel or a cool-setting hairdryer after bathing.

• If an infection is suspected, see a doctor for possible antibiotic treatment.

Wet Ear Discharge May Point to a Fungal Issue

Some people, especially those of European or African descent, naturally produce wetter earwax. However, if you notice an increase in wet discharge without pain or redness, it could be due to a fungal infection. Unlike bacterial infections, fungal infections tend to be painless but can persist for weeks or months.

A simple at-home remedy for recurring fungal infections is a mixture of equal parts isopropyl alcohol and distilled white vinegar. Applying a few drops into the affected ear can help restore a normal balance of ear flora. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor.

Red or Black Earwax May Signal Injury

If your earwax appears red or black, it could indicate old or fresh blood in the ear canal. This can happen if you accidentally scratch your ear with a fingernail or use cotton swabs, which can cause minor abrasions. While these usually heal on their own, seek medical attention if your ear becomes inflamed, warm, or painful, as these could be signs of infection.

Dry, Flaky Wax Could Be Related to Skin Conditions

People of Northeast Asian or Native American descent often have naturally dry, crumbly earwax. However, excessively dry wax can also be linked to skin conditions like eczema, dermatitis, or psoriasis. In severe cases, the buildup of keratin (a protein produced by the skin) can block the ear canal and may require professional removal to restore hearing.

Excessive Earwax Might Be Genetic

Some people simply produce more earwax than others due to genetics. While earwax usually exits the ear naturally through jaw movements like chewing and talking, excessive buildup can lead to hearing loss, dizziness, or discomfort. Instead of using cotton swabs, which push wax deeper into the ear canal, see a doctor for safe removal using sterile water flushing.

What’s Earwax Actually Made Of?

Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a combination of secretions from the ceruminous and sebaceous glands. It consists mainly of fat and serves as a natural antibacterial and antifungal barrier, keeping the delicate skin inside your ear protected from irritants. It also helps trap dust and other particles before they can travel deeper into the ear.

Your ears are self-cleaning, meaning there’s no need to let soap or water enter the canals during bathing. Instead, simply wipe around and behind your ears to maintain good hygiene.

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