Is Tanning Really That Bad for You?

For many, a golden tan is a hallmark of summer. But is basking in the sun to achieve that “healthy glow” as harmless as it seems? Unfortunately, even if you avoid burning, a tan is still a sign of skin damage, and it can have long-term effects on your skin health.

Here’s what dermatologists want you to know about tanning, sun exposure, and the safest ways to achieve a bronzed look.

Is a Tan Really Skin Damage?

Yes, any tan is evidence of skin damage.

“Tanning occurs when your skin produces more melanin the pigment that gives your skin, eyes, and hair color to protect itself from UV damage,” says Mary Stevenson, MD, a dermatologist at NYU Langone Medical Center.

While melanin offers some defense against the sun, it’s not foolproof. When your skin darkens, it’s essentially a stress response to ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), this process can harm DNA in skin cells, leading to:

• Skin cancer

• Premature aging (like wrinkles and sunspots)

• Loss of collagen and elastin, which weakens skin over time

While a burn indicates more severe damage than a tan, neither is good for your skin.

Why the "Base Tan" Myth Is Harmful

A common misconception is that getting a "base tan" will protect you from sunburn. But according to Dr. Stevenson, even tanned skin can’t ward off sun damage.

“The extra melanin in tanned skin provides an SPF of about 2 to 4,” the FDA notes, far below the minimum SPF 15 recommended for sun protection.

This myth can give people a false sense of security, encouraging prolonged sun exposure that increases the risk of skin damage.

Is Tanning Dangerous for Everyone?

Tanning affects people of all skin tones. While naturally darker skin has more melanin, which provides some protection, no one is immune to the harmful effects of UV rays.

“UV exposure increases the risk of skin cancer, regardless of your starting skin tone,” Dr. Stevenson says.

The Only Safe Way to Tan

If you want the sun-kissed look without the risk, sunless tanning products are your safest bet.

How Self-Tanners Work:
Most sunless tanners contain dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a sugar that reacts with amino acids in your skin to create a temporary darkening effect. According to the FDA, DHA is safe for external use but not for inhalation or ingestion, so avoid spray-tanning booths.

Tips for Using Sunless Tanners Safely:

• Skip aerosol products.

• Apply in a well-ventilated area.

• Avoid your eyes and lips.

• Pair with sunscreen to prevent sunburn.

Alternative Options:
If you prefer to avoid DHA, consider using bronzers or tinted moisturizers, which wash off with water.

How to Protect Your Skin

The best way to avoid skin damage is to limit UV exposure:

• Avoid peak sun hours: Stay indoors between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when UV rays are strongest.

• Use sunscreen daily: Opt for a broad-spectrum SPF 15 or higher, and reapply every two hours if you’re outdoors.

• Cover up: Wear hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing to shield your skin.

Even on cloudy days, up to 80 percent of UV rays can reach your skin, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation.

So, How Bad Is It Really to Get a Tan?

Tanning might not be as harmful as a blistering sunburn, but it’s still a sign of skin damage. Over time, repeated UV exposure increases your risk of skin cancer, premature aging, and sunspots.

If you want to protect your skin, avoid tanning altogether and prioritize sun safety. Remember: The glow from sunless tanners is just as stunning and much safer.

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