Can You Get Addicted to Marijuana?

With marijuana legalization expanding across the U.S., conversations around its safety and potential health risks have become more urgent. While cannabis is widely used for both medical and recreational purposes, many people still ask the question. Is marijuana addictive?

The short answer is yes it can be. Here's what you need to know about marijuana use disorder, the difference between dependence and addiction, and who may be most at risk.

Yes, Marijuana Can Be Addictive

Contrary to the belief that marijuana is completely non-addictive, experts confirm that cannabis use disorder (CUD) is real and affects a significant portion of users.

• An estimated 6.3% of U.S. adults have experienced marijuana use disorder

• Up to 30% of people who use marijuana may develop some form of CUD

• Addiction is more likely with frequent or early use, particularly before age 18

Cannabis use disorder occurs when someone continues using marijuana despite experiencing negative consequences in their health, relationships, or daily responsibilities.

Addiction vs. Dependence: What’s the Difference?

Though often used interchangeably, addiction and dependence aren’t the same.

• Addiction is a behavioral condition marked by compulsive substance use, cravings, and continued use despite harm

• Dependence refers to physical adaptation, where stopping use causes withdrawal symptoms

Someone may develop dependence without being addicted. For example, a person who uses medical cannabis regularly may experience withdrawal symptoms if they stop, even if they’re not using compulsively or irresponsibly.

Symptoms of Cannabis Use Disorder

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a diagnosis of cannabis use disorder involves meeting at least two of 11 criteria within a 12-month period. Symptoms include:

• Using more marijuana than intended

• Persistent cravings or urges to use

• Trouble cutting back despite trying

• Neglecting responsibilities (school, work, relationships)

• Social withdrawal or isolating due to use

• Needing more to feel the same effects (tolerance)

• Withdrawal symptoms (e.g., irritability, chills, headaches)

• Mood swings or appetite changes

• Using marijuana in risky situations

• Continuing to use despite physical or mental health issues

• Spending excessive time obtaining, using, or recovering from use

Severity can range from mild (2–3 symptoms) to severe (6+ symptoms).

Who’s Most at Risk for Marijuana Addiction?

Certain groups are more susceptible to developing a marijuana use disorder. Risk factors include:

• Starting marijuana use before age 18 (up to 7x more likely to develop addiction)

• Male gender (men are twice as likely as women to develop CUD)

• Family history of substance use disorders

• Exposure to peer or social marijuana use

• History of trauma or childhood adversity

• Use of tobacco or other substances

How Marijuana Affects the Brain

The psychoactive component in marijuana THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) interacts with the brain's reward system and can alter:

• Cognitive function and memory

• Emotional regulation

• Decision-making ability

• Learning and behavior

Long-term or high-dose use, especially during adolescence or pregnancy, may lead to structural changes in brain regions linked to memory, attention, and emotional processing. Some studies also suggest a correlation between heavy marijuana use and lower IQ scores in adolescents.

Recreational vs. Medicinal Use

Marijuana used for medical purposes is not immune from risk. Though many patients report relief from chronic pain, nausea, anxiety, or other conditions, more than 80% of medicinal users also use it recreationally often increasing the chances of developing dependency.

While nearly 90% of medical marijuana users say it helps manage their symptoms, this doesn’t eliminate the potential for misuse, especially without medical oversight.

When and How to Get Help

Cannabis use disorder is treatable. If you or someone you know is experiencing signs of marijuana addiction, consider the following treatment options:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – focuses on changing thought patterns and behaviors

• Motivational Interviewing – helps increase a person’s motivation to change

• Contingency Management – uses rewards as positive reinforcement

• Medication support – some medications may reduce cravings, though no FDA-approved drug currently exists specifically for cannabis use

Support is also available through addiction specialists, mental health providers, and community-based programs.

Bottom Line

Yes, marijuana can be addictive especially for people who use it frequently, start at a young age, or have certain risk factors. Recognizing the signs of cannabis use disorder is key to getting help early.

As marijuana continues to become more accessible, it's important to stay informed about both its therapeutic potential and its risks. Balance, education, and self-awareness are essential for safe and mindful use.

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