Keep the Eye-Drop Tip Off Everything

The FDA says eye drops bypass some of the body's natural defenses, so keep them clean. Wash your hands first, and do not let the bottle tip touch your hands, eyes, clothing or any other surface. If drops cause discharge, pain, discomfort or changes in vision, stop and talk to your doctor.

The reason for the extra care is simple. Any drug used in the eyes must be sterile to reduce the risk of infection, the FDA says, and preservatives help prevent contamination and extend shelf life in many products, especially multi-dose bottles. The agency notes there have been several recent safety recalls of over-the-counter eye drops because of contamination risks, with reports that included infections, partial loss of vision and blindness.

The FDA says it monitors eye drops on the market by sampling and testing products and tracking side effects, and it may recommend voluntary recalls. Facilities that make eye drops sold in the U.S. must be registered with the agency. A list of past alerts and recalls is posted on the FDA website, so you can check whether a product you own is on it.

Some products should be left on the shelf. The FDA says there are no over-the-counter treatments for glaucoma, cataracts, retinopathy or macular degeneration, no approved drops that change eye color, and no approved homeopathic eye products. It also warns that some unapproved drops contain ingredients that do not belong in the eye, such as silver sulfate, which can permanently change the white color of your eyes, and honey, which can cause burning. Talk to a health care professional about safe options for your eye condition, and report any unexpected side effects to the FDA.