How to Protect Yourself From Tick Bites and Tick-Borne Diseases

Ticks may be small, but their bites can lead to serious illnesses, including Lyme disease. Traditionally most active from April to October, ticks are now a year-round concern in some parts of the U.S., thanks to warmer winters. Whether you’re hiking, gardening, or simply enjoying your backyard, these tips can help reduce your risk.

1. Make Your Yard Less Tick-Friendly

Ticks thrive in tall grass and wooded areas, but they can also live right outside your door. To minimize risk:

• Mow the lawn regularly

• Create a barrier (wood chips or gravel) between your yard and wooded spaces

• Consider fencing to keep deer and other tick hosts away

Even at home, using insect repellent before heading into your yard is a smart move.

2. Use Insect Repellent

DEET and picaridin-based repellents are highly effective, while oil of lemon eucalyptus offers a natural option. Apply sunscreen first, then repellent. Avoid spraying on the face or over cuts, and follow all product instructions for safe use.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offers an online tool to help you choose the best repellent for your needs.

3. Dress for Protection

Wear long sleeves, pants, socks, and closed-toed shoes in tick-prone areas. Choose light colors so ticks are easier to spot, and tuck pants into socks for added coverage. Treat clothing with permethrin-based repellent if possible.
After outdoor activities, toss clothes into a hot dryer for 10 minutes to kill any ticks.

4. Shower and Check Immediately

Shower as soon as possible after coming indoors, and check your whole body including your scalp, behind your knees, underarms, ears, and belly button. Ticks usually need at least 24 hours to transmit Lyme disease, so early removal is key.

5. Remove Ticks Properly

Use fine-tipped tweezers, grasping the tick close to the skin, and pull straight up without twisting. Clean the area with soap and water or rubbing alcohol.
Seek medical advice if the tick has been attached for more than 36 hours, or if you notice any symptoms afterward.

6. Stay Alert in Winter

Ticks can remain active in temperatures above 45°F, meaning warmer winters increase the risk. Spending more time outdoors in mild winter weather can also lead to greater exposure.

7. Watch for Symptoms Even Without a Bull’s Eye Rash

The classic “bull’s eye” rash occurs in only a minority of Lyme disease cases. Other signs to watch for in the 30 days following a bite include:

• Fever

• Fatigue

• Joint or muscle pain

• Headache

• Rash that expands in size (may look different on darker skin)

If you develop any of these symptoms after possible exposure, seek medical care promptly.

Key Takeaways

• Ticks can be active year-round in some areas, not just in summer.

• Prevent bites with repellents, protective clothing, and yard maintenance.

• Check yourself and your pets after outdoor activities, and remove ticks promptly.

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